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Election
Election uncertainty looks increasingly certain
John Emerson
Vice Chair of Capital Group International, Inc.
Reagan Anderson
Senior Vice President of Government & Regulatory Affairs

Remember all the turmoil over those hanging chads in Florida? The 2020 U.S. presidential election could make that dispute look quaint by comparison. In a year when seemingly everything has gone wrong, it is highly likely that Election Day will add another element of uncertainty to a most uncertain time.


“I've been involved in presidential politics going back to the 1980s, and I have to say this is the most unusual election of my lifetime — and probably anyone’s lifetime who is alive today,” says John Emerson, Vice Chairman of Capital Group International, Inc.SM and a former U.S. Ambassador to Germany.


“We have a pandemic, an economic crisis, civil unrest in the streets and, in the middle of it all,” he adds, “a dispute over a Supreme Court appointment suddenly enters the mix.” The Senate Judiciary Committee is expected to begin confirmation hearings on October 12 for President Donald Trump’s nominee, setting the stage for a partisan battle three weeks before the election.


Adding yet another layer of uncertainty: Last week President Trump and his wife, Melania, tested positive for COVID-19. It remains to be seen how that could impact the campaign but, at a minimum, it places the pandemic back at the center of the race. “Of course, our thoughts are with the President and First Lady wishing them a speedy recovery,” Emerson says.


Uncertainty index is elevated and far higher than previous election cycles

The chart represents the U.S. Economic Policy Uncertainty Index from January 1, 2000 through September 30, 2020, and indicates much higher levels of uncertainty in 2020. Sources: “Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty” by Scott Baker, Nicholas Bloom and Steven J. Davis at www.policyuncertainty.com, Refinitiv Datastream. As of September 30, 2020. Shaded bars represent the June through November period of each election year. The U.S. Economic Policy Uncertainty Index is a measure of policy-related economic uncertainty within the U.S. using data from economic news reporting, tax code provisions and economic forecast dispersion.

To put things in perspective, the U.S. Economic Policy Uncertainty Index — which tracks a mix of economic, policy and media-related uncertainty measurements — has hit unprecedented levels in 2020. Investors may be wondering: What could possibly come next?


Mail-in ballots may trigger Election Day turmoil


Instead of hanging chads — which got the spotlight in the 2000 election — mail-in ballots could be the central issue this time.


Largely due to the COVID-19 outbreak, a record 80 million Americans are expected to vote by mail in this election cycle rather than visit the polls in person. That means election officials will be processing more than twice as many postal ballots as they did during the last presidential campaign in 2016.


Unless it’s a clear landslide for President Trump or former Vice President Joe Biden, “the outcome of the presidential election probably won’t be known for days or even weeks,” Emerson says, as states deal with the unprecedented volume of postal ballots. High levels of market volatility would likely accompany this period of uncertainty, he adds.


Moreover, Democrats are requesting mail-in ballots in much higher numbers than Republicans. This could set up a scenario where Election Day results appear to favor Republicans and then mail-in ballots — which take longer to count — shift the outcome toward Democrats. Either way, court challenges are a predictable outcome.


More Democrats than Republicans are voting by mail

The image shows the number of mail ballots requested by party affiliation. Democrats: 21.5 million. Republicans: 12.5 million. Source: U.S. Elections Project. As of October 5, 2020. These totals include only states which report party registration data (California, Colorado, Florida, Iowa, Maryland, Maine, North Carolina, New Jersey, Nevada, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Utah, as well as the District of Columbia). Another 14.7 million requests were made in these states by voters who are either registered with a third party (1.8 million) or have no party affiliation (12.9 million).

Expect the counting to continue well past Election Day


Some states don’t start counting mail-in ballots until Election Day. A few of them are key swing states where the presidential election could be decided, including Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. By contrast, other swing states such as Arizona and Florida start tallying mail-in ballots two weeks and three weeks ahead of time, respectively, as the ballots are received.


In recent months the subject of mail-in balloting has become highly politicized. However, putting those partisan arguments aside, the simple fact remains that many states have never before handled such a high volume of postal ballots. Under the best circumstances, it will be a challenge to count the votes in a timely manner.


“We have to be patient,” says Reagan Anderson, a Senior Vice President with Capital Group’s government relations team. “Just because it takes longer to count the votes doesn’t mean there’s fraud involved. We may have to wait a while to ensure we get an accurate count so the American people can trust the validity of the results.”


A state-by-state map for Election Day confusion

The image represents a map of the United States that details when absentee and mail-in ballot processing begins on a state-by-state basis. States that begin on election day: Wyoming, Wisconsin, Michigan, Kentucky, Mississippi, Alabama, West Virginia and Pennsylvania. States that begin upon receipt: Washington, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Colorado, Texas, Minnesota, Illinois, Tennessee, Georgia, New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts. States that begin a week or more before the election: California, Oregon, Arizona, New Mexico, Nebraska, Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, Maryland, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Maine. States that begin less than a week before the election: North Dakota, Oklahoma, Iowa, Missouri, Louisiana, South Carolina, Delaware, Vermont and New Hampshire. Not specified: Utah, South Dakota, Kansas, Indiana, Ohio, Virginia and the District of Columbia. Sources: Capital Group, National Conference of State Legislatures. As of September 30, 2020.

Will the U.S. Supreme Court step in again?


The disputed 2000 election was ultimately decided 36 days later when the U.S. Supreme Court, in a 5-to-4 vote, effectively ended recounting efforts in Florida. A key element of the decision involved a strict deadline: Under federal law, each state must determine its electors six days before the Electoral College meets.


That deadline was December 12, 2000 — an impossible task to meet if recounts were permitted to continue in Florida. The court handed down its decision that same day, and former Vice President Al Gore conceded the next day. In the closest election in U.S. history, President George W. Bush won with 271 electoral votes, one more than he needed.


Could the Supreme Court be called upon again? And will that deadline — this year it’s December 8 — play a similar role? Only time will tell.


“At the end of the day, I think it's important to keep in mind we will have a result,” Emerson stresses. “We will have a president, and I believe we will have a peaceful transition of power.”


For long-term investors, it’s important to remember that, historically speaking, the political power structure in Washington, D.C., hasn’t had much of a discernible impact on equity market returns. From 1933 to 2019, under unified and split governments, the average annual return for the Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index has fallen into a broad range from roughly 7% to 10%. A split Congress, as we have today, appears to be the market’s favorite choice, having generated an average return of 10.4%.


Returns have historically been strong regardless of the makeup of Washington

The image shows the average annual return for the S&P 500 Index from 1933 to 2019 under a unified government (10%), a unified Congress with the president in another party (7.4%) and a split Congress (10.4%). Sources: Capital Group, Strategas. As of December 31, 2019.

Investment implications:

 
  • Investors should prepare for rising market volatility as Election Day approaches.
  • Patience is key, as the outcome of the U.S. presidential race may not be known for days or weeks.
  • The sheer volume of mail-in ballots means delayed results are probably inevitable.
  • Despite the uncertainty, investors should remember that markets have eventually moved higher even in turbulent times.


John Emerson is vice chair of Capital Group International, Inc. and has been with Capital Group since 2000. He was the U.S. Ambassador to Germany from 2013 to 2017. Prior to that, he was president of Capital Group Private Client Services.

Reagan Anderson is a senior vice president of government & regulatory affairs. She has 23 years of investment industry experience (as of 12/31/2023). She holds a bachelor's degree in journalism from Ohio University.  


Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index is a market capitalization-weighted index based on the results of approximately 500 widely held common stocks. The market index is unmanaged and, therefore, has no expenses. Investors cannot invest directly in an index.

Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index (“Index”) is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and/or its affiliates and has been licensed for use by Capital Group. Copyright © 2020 S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a division of S&P Global, and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Redistribution or reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without written permission of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC.

 

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