Golden Telecom was a leading alternative provider of integrated telecommunications services to businesses and high-usage customers in Russia and CIS. The company offered services in five principal areas: (i) competitive local exchange carrier services in Moscow and Kiev; (ii) data services throughout CIS through its 100 points of presence; (iii) dial-up internet access through Russia-On-Line (the leading Russian ISP); (iv) long distance services; and (v) mobile services (including a GSM service in Ukraine). Golden Telecom’s initial public offering was on NASDAQ in September 1999 and raised US$150 million.